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C Programming Language

Course Duration: 8-12 Weeks

Prerequisites: Basic understanding of computers and logic building

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Module 1: Introduction to C Programming

• Overview of Programming Languages
• History and Features of C
• Structure of a C Program
• Compilation and Execution Process
• Writing and Running First C Program
• Understanding Errors: Syntax, Logical, and Runtime Errors

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Module 2: Fundamentals of C

• Tokens in C (Keywords, Identifiers, Constants, Strings, Operators)
• Variables and Data Types
• Type Modifiers and Qualifiers (signed, unsigned, short, long, const, volatile)
• Input and Output Functions (printf, scanf, gets, puts)

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Module 3: Operators and Expressions

• Arithmetic Operators (+, -, *, /, %)
• Relational Operators (>, <, >=, <=, ==, !=)
• Logical Operators (&&, ||, !)
• Bitwise Operators (&, |, ^, ~, <<, >>)
• Assignment Operators (=, +=, -=, *=, /=, %=)
• Increment and Decrement Operators (++, --)
• Ternary Operator (?)
• Operator Precedence and Associativity

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Module 4: Control Statements

• Decision Making:
  • if, if-else, nested if-else, else-if ladder
  • switch-case statement
• Looping Constructs:
  • for loop
  • while loop
  • do-while loop
• Jump Statements:
  • break, continue, goto

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Module 5: Functions in C

• Introduction to Functions
• Function Declaration, Definition, and Calling
• Types of Functions (User-defined & Built-in)
• Function Arguments and Return Values
• Recursion in C
• Storage Classes (auto, extern, static, register)

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Module 6: Arrays and Strings

• Introduction to Arrays
• One-Dimensional Arrays
• Two-Dimensional and Multi-Dimensional Arrays
• Strings in C
• String Manipulation Functions (strlen, strcpy, strcat, strcmp, etc.)
• Character Arrays vs. Strings
• Passing Arrays and Strings to Functions

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Module 7: Pointers in C

• Understanding Pointers and Memory Addresses
• Declaring and Initializing Pointers
• Pointer Arithmetic
• Pointer to Pointer
• Pointers and Arrays
• Pointers and Strings
• Pointers to Functions
• Dynamic Memory Allocation (malloc, calloc, realloc, free)

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Module 8: Structures and Unions

• Introduction to Structures
• Defining and Accessing Structure Members
• Arrays of Structures
• Nested Structures
• Pointer to Structure
• Self-Referential Structures
• Introduction to Unions and Differences with Structures

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Module 9: File Handling in C

• File Handling Basics
• File Operations (Open, Close, Read, Write)
• File Pointers and Modes (r, w, a, r+, w+, a+)
• Reading and Writing Data to Files (fscanf, fprintf, fgetc, fputc)
• Random Access in Files (fseek, ftell, rewind)

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Module 10: Preprocessor Directives and Macros

• Introduction to Preprocessor
• #define, #include, #ifdef, #ifndef, #endif, #pragma
• Macros and Inline Functions
• Conditional Compilation

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Module 11: Advanced Topics

• Command-Line Arguments
• Variable Argument Functions (stdarg.h)
• Memory Models and Segmentation
• Error Handling in C
• Introduction to Data Structures (Linked List, Stack, Queue using C)
• Multi-threading Basics (POSIX threads in C)

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Module 12: Project Work and Case Studies

• Implementing Real-World Applications in C
• Mini Project (e.g., Student Management System, Banking System, Inventory System)
• Debugging and Optimization Techniques
• Best Practices in C Programming