C++ Programming Language 

Module 1: Introduction to C++

1.1 Overview of Programming Languages
1.2 Introduction to C++ and its Features
1.3 History and Evolution of C++
1.4 Structure of a C++ Program
1.5 Compiling and Running a C++ Program
1.6 Input and Output in C++ (cin, cout, cerr, clog)

Module 2: Basics of C++ Programming

2.1 Keywords and Identifiers
2.2 Data Types (int, float, double, char, bool, void, etc.)
2.3 Variables and Constants (const, #define)
2.4 Operators in C++

• Arithmetic Operators
• Relational Operators
• Logical Operators
• Bitwise Operators
• Assignment Operators
• Miscellaneous Operators
  2.5 Type Casting and Type Conversion

Module 3: Control Flow and Loops

3.1 Decision-Making Statements

• if, if-else, nested if, else-if ladder
• switch-case statement
  3.2 Looping Constructs
• for loop, while loop, do-while loop
  3.3 Jump Statements
• break, continue, goto
  3.4 Nested Loops

Module 4: Functions in C++

4.1 Function Basics: Declaration and Definition
4.2 Function Prototypes
4.3 Call by Value vs Call by Reference
4.4 Return Values in Functions
4.5 Default Arguments and Function Overloading
4.6 Inline Functions
4.7 Recursive Functions

Module 5: Arrays and Strings

5.1 Introduction to Arrays (One-dimensional, Two-dimensional, Multi-dimensional)
5.2 Array Initialization and Accessing Elements
5.3 Passing Arrays to Functions
5.4 Character Arrays and Strings
5.5 String Functions (strlen, strcpy, strcat, strcmp, etc.)
5.6 String Manipulation Techniques
5.7 Pointer to Strings

Module 6: Pointers and Dynamic Memory Allocation

6.1 Introduction to Pointers
6.2 Pointer Arithmetic (Increment, Decrement, Addition, Subtraction)
6.3 Pointers and Arrays
6.4 Pointers to Functions
6.5 Dynamic Memory Allocation (new, delete, malloc, calloc, free)
6.6 Dangling Pointers and Memory Leaks

Module 7: Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in C++

7.1 Introduction to OOP Concepts
7.2 Classes and Objects
7.3 Access Specifiers (private, public, protected)
7.4 Constructors and Destructors
7.5 Function Overloading and Operator Overloading
7.6 Friend Functions and Friend Classes
7.7 Static Members and Static Functions
7.8 This Pointer

Module 8: Inheritance in C++

8.1 Introduction to Inheritance
8.2 Types of Inheritance

• Single Inheritance
• Multiple Inheritance
• Multilevel Inheritance
• Hierarchical Inheritance
• Hybrid Inheritance
  8.3 Constructor and Destructor in Inheritance
  8.4 Virtual Base Classes
  8.5 Overriding Member Functions
  8.6 Ambiguity in Multiple Inheritance and its Resolution

Module 9: Polymorphism in C++

9.1 Compile-time (Static) Polymorphism

• Function Overloading
• Operator Overloading
  9.2 Runtime (Dynamic) Polymorphism
• Virtual Functions
• Pure Virtual Functions
• Abstract Classes

Module 10: File Handling in C++

10.1 Introduction to File Handling
10.2 File Streams in C++ (ifstream, ofstream, fstream)
10.3 File Opening Modes
10.4 Reading and Writing to Files
10.5 Binary File Handling
10.6 File Operations (seekg, seekp, tellg, tellp)

Module 11: Exception Handling in C++

11.1 Introduction to Exceptions
11.2 try, catch, and throw Keywords
11.3 Handling Multiple Exceptions
11.4 Exception Handling with Classes
11.5 Standard Library Exceptions

Module 12: Standard Template Library (STL)

12.1 Introduction to STL
12.2 Containers in STL (Vector, List, Deque, Stack, Queue, Priority Queue, Set, Map)
12.3 Iterators and Algorithms
12.4 Function Objects and Lambda Functions

Module 13: Advanced Topics in C++

13.1 Namespaces and Scope Resolution Operator
13.2 Preprocessor Directives and Macros
13.3 Multithreading in C++ (std::thread, Mutex, Condition Variables)
13.4 Smart Pointers (unique_ptr, shared_ptr, weak_ptr)
13.5 Move Semantics and Rvalue References
13.6 Design Patterns in C++ (Singleton, Factory, Observer)

Module 14: C++ Applications and Project Work

14.1 Building Real-world Applications
14.2 Debugging Techniques and Profiling Tools
14.3 Introduction to GUI Programming in C++
14.4 Networking in C++ (Sockets)
14.5 Mini and Major Project Implementation