Accounting

Module 1: Introduction to Accounting

• Definition, Nature, and Scope of Accounting
• Objectives and Functions of Accounting
• Users of Accounting Information
• Branches of Accounting: Financial, Cost, and Management Accounting
• Accounting Concepts and Conventions
• Accounting Standards and IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards)

Module 2: Accounting Process and Transactions

• Accounting Cycle: Journal, Ledger, and Trial Balance
• Double Entry System: Principles and Rules of Debit and Credit
• Recording Transactions: Journal Entries and Subsidiary Books
• Posting to Ledger and Balancing of Accounts
• Preparation of Trial Balance and Rectification of Errors

Module 3: Financial Statements Preparation

• Concept of Financial Statements
• Preparation of Trading, Profit & Loss Account, and Balance Sheet
• Adjustments in Final Accounts (Depreciation, Accrued & Prepaid Items, Bad Debts, Provision for Doubtful Debts)
• Capital and Revenue Expenditure
• Treatment of Reserves and Provisions

Module 4: Accounting for Special Transactions

• Bank Reconciliation Statement: Causes of Differences and Preparation
• Depreciation Accounting: Methods (Straight Line, Diminishing Balance, Units of Production)
• Bills of Exchange and Promissory Notes: Accounting Treatment
• Accounting for Consignment and Joint Ventures

Module 5: Partnership Accounting

• Nature and Features of Partnership
• Accounting for Admission, Retirement, and Death of a Partner
• Profit-Sharing Ratio and Goodwill Valuation
• Dissolution of Partnership Firm: Settlement of Accounts

Module 6: Company Accounts

• Introduction to Company Accounts
• Issue, Forfeiture, and Reissue of Shares
• Debenture Accounting: Issue, Redemption, and Conversion
• Preparation of Company Final Accounts as per Schedule III of the Companies Act
• Dividend Distribution and Provisions

Module 7: Cost Accounting Basics

• Definition and Importance of Cost Accounting
• Costing Methods: Job Costing, Process Costing, Marginal Costing
• Elements of Cost: Material, Labor, and Overheads
• Cost Classification and Cost Sheet Preparation

Module 8: Budgeting and Financial Analysis

• Concept of Budget and Budgetary Control
• Types of Budgets: Cash Budget, Sales Budget, Flexible Budget
• Ratio Analysis: Liquidity, Solvency, Profitability, and Efficiency Ratios
• Cash Flow and Fund Flow Analysis

Module 9: Managerial and Advanced Accounting

• Basics of Management Accounting and Its Role in Decision Making
• Standard Costing and Variance Analysis
• Responsibility Accounting and Transfer Pricing
• Financial Statement Analysis and Interpretation

Module 10: Emerging Trends in Accounting

• Accounting in Digital Era: ERP, Tally, and Cloud Accounting
• Forensic Accounting and Fraud Detection
• Environmental and Social Accounting
• International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)