Programming

Module 1: Introduction to Programming

• What is Programming?
• History and Evolution of Programming Languages
• Types of Programming Languages (Low-Level vs. High-Level, Compiled vs. Interpreted)
• Programming Paradigms (Procedural, Object-Oriented, Functional, Event-Driven)
• Role of Compilers and Interpreters
• Overview of Common Programming Languages (C, C++, Python, Java, JavaScript, etc.)

Module 2: Programming Basics

• Setting Up the Development Environment (IDEs, Text Editors, Compilers)
• Understanding Syntax and Semantics
• Variables and Data Types
• Constants and Literals
• Operators (Arithmetic, Logical, Relational, Bitwise)
• Input and Output Handling

Module 3: Control Structures

• Conditional Statements (if, if-else, switch-case)
• Loops (for, while, do-while)
• Nested Loops and Conditional Logic
• Break, Continue, and Goto Statements

Module 4: Functions and Modular Programming

• Function Definition and Declaration
• Function Arguments and Return Values
• Scope of Variables (Global vs. Local)
• Recursion
• Lambda Functions (in Python and JavaScript)
• Function Overloading and Default Parameters

Module 5: Data Structures and Algorithms

5.1 Basic Data Structures

• Arrays and Strings
• Lists (ArrayList, LinkedList)
• Stacks and Queues
• Hash Tables and Dictionaries
• Sets and Maps

5.2 Advanced Data Structures

• Trees (Binary Trees, BSTs)
• Graphs and Their Representations
• Heaps and Priority Queues
• Hashing Techniques

5.3 Algorithmic Techniques

• Sorting Algorithms (Bubble Sort, Selection Sort, Merge Sort, Quick Sort)
• Searching Algorithms (Linear Search, Binary Search, Hashing)
• Recursion and Dynamic Programming
• Greedy Algorithms
• Graph Algorithms (DFS, BFS, Dijkstra’s Algorithm)

Module 6: Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

• Principles of OOP (Encapsulation, Abstraction, Inheritance, Polymorphism)
• Classes and Objects
• Constructors and Destructors
• Access Modifiers (Public, Private, Protected)
• Method Overloading and Method Overriding
• Interfaces and Abstract Classes
• Static and Final Keywords

Module 7: Exception Handling and Debugging

• Introduction to Errors and Exceptions
• Try-Catch Blocks
• Throwing and Handling Exceptions
• Custom Exceptions
• Debugging Techniques and Best Practices

Module 8: File Handling and Data Storage

• Reading and Writing Files (Text and Binary Files)
• File Streams (Input/Output Streams)
• Serialization and Deserialization
• Working with JSON and XML

Module 9: Introduction to Web Development (Optional Module)

• HTML, CSS, and JavaScript Basics
• Introduction to Backend Programming (Node.js, Flask, Django)
• Handling HTTP Requests and Responses
• REST API Integration

Module 10: Database Management and SQL

• Introduction to Databases
• SQL Basics (CRUD Operations)
• Query Optimization and Joins
• NoSQL Databases (MongoDB, Firebase)
• Connecting Databases with Programming Languages

Module 11: Advanced Programming Concepts

• Multithreading and Concurrency
• Memory Management and Garbage Collection
• Design Patterns (Singleton, Factory, Observer)
• Unit Testing and Test-Driven Development (TDD)
• Version Control (Git, GitHub)

Module 12: Software Development and Project Work

• Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
• Agile Methodology and Scrum Framework
• Code Optimization and Best Practices
• Working on Real-World Projects
• Deployment of Applications