PL/SQL

Module 1: Introduction to PL/SQL

• Overview of SQL vs. PL/SQL
• Features and Benefits of PL/SQL
• Understanding the PL/SQL Block Structure
• Anonymous Blocks vs. Named Blocks
• PL/SQL Development Environments (SQL*Plus, Oracle SQL Developer, TOAD)

Module 2: PL/SQL Basics

• Declaring and Using Variables
• Data Types in PL/SQL (Scalar, Composite, Reference, Large Objects)
• Constants and Literals
• Operators (Arithmetic, Logical, Relational)
• Using %TYPE and %ROWTYPE Attributes

Module 3: Control Structures in PL/SQL

• Conditional Statements (IF-THEN-ELSE, CASE)
• Iterative Control (LOOP, WHILE, FOR)
• GOTO Statement and Labeling
• Nested Loops and Conditional Logic

Module 4: Cursors in PL/SQL

• Introduction to Cursors
• Implicit vs. Explicit Cursors
• Cursor Attributes (%FOUND, %NOTFOUND, %ROWCOUNT, %ISOPEN)
• FOR Loop Cursor Handling
• Parameterized Cursors
• Cursor FOR UPDATE and WHERE CURRENT OF Clause

Module 5: Exception Handling in PL/SQL

• Types of Exceptions (Predefined and User-Defined)
• Exception Handling with BEGIN...EXCEPTION...END Block
• Handling System-Defined Exceptions (NO_DATA_FOUND, TOO_MANY_ROWS, VALUE_ERROR)
• Raising Exceptions Using RAISE and RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR
• Propagating Exceptions

Module 6: Stored Procedures and Functions

• Understanding Stored Procedures and Functions
• Creating and Executing Stored Procedures
• Parameters in Stored Procedures (IN, OUT, INOUT)
• Creating and Using Functions in PL/SQL
• Differences Between Procedures and Functions
• Error Handling in Stored Procedures and Functions

Module 7: PL/SQL Packages

• Introduction to Packages in PL/SQL
• Components of a Package (Specification and Body)
• Creating and Using Packages
• Overloading Procedures and Functions in Packages
• Package Initialization and State Management
• Using Oracle-Provided Packages (DBMS_OUTPUT, DBMS_SQL, UTL_FILE)

Module 8: Triggers in PL/SQL

• Introduction to Triggers
• Types of Triggers (Before, After, Instead Of)
• Row-Level vs. Statement-Level Triggers
• Creating and Managing Triggers
• Using Triggers for Auditing and Security
• Handling Mutating Table Errors

Module 9: Dynamic SQL and Bulk Processing

• Introduction to Dynamic SQL
• Using EXECUTE IMMEDIATE for Dynamic Queries
• Working with DBMS_SQL Package
• Bulk Data Processing Using BULK COLLECT and FORALL
• Performance Considerations in Bulk Operations

Module 10: Performance Tuning and Optimization in PL/SQL

• Identifying Performance Bottlenecks
• SQL Query Optimization Techniques
• Indexing and Partitioning Strategies
• Using Hints and Execution Plans
• Reducing Context Switching Between SQL and PL/SQL

Module 11: Advanced PL/SQL Concepts

• Working with Large Objects (LOBs) in PL/SQL
• Using Collections (Nested Tables, VARRAYs, Associative Arrays)
• Autonomous Transactions
• PL/SQL Wrapper for Code Security
• Debugging PL/SQL Programs

Module 12: Real-World Applications and Project Work

• Developing Complex Business Logic Using PL/SQL
• Building a Banking System Using PL/SQL
• Automating Database Administration Tasks
• Case Studies on PL/SQL Implementation in Enterprise Systems
• Best Practices for Writing Efficient PL/SQL Code